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</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="ib-country-names"><span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">Nederlandse Taalunie</i></span><br><div class="ib-country-name-style fn org country-name"><i>Dutch Language Union</i></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div style="padding: 0px 5px;">
<div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div>Logo</div>
</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="ib-country-map-caption">A map showing the member states of the Dutch Language Union (red)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="The_Hague" title="The Hague">The Hague</a>, <a href="Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a><br><a href="Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>, <a href="Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official language</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a> (<a href="Standard_Dutch" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard Dutch">Standard Dutch</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Membership</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">
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</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></li><li><a href="Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li><li><a href="Suriname" title="Suriname">Suriname</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Leaders</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">•&nbsp;<span class="nowrap"><a href="Secretary_(title)#Secretary-general" title="Secretary (title)">Secretary-general</a></span> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">Kris Van de Poel</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2">
</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Establishment</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">•&nbsp;Treaty </div></th><td class="infobox-data">9 September 1980</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2">
</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population</th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">•&nbsp;2022 estimate</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">~25 million</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="ib-country-website"><b>Website</b><br><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://taalunie.org/">taalunie<wbr>.org</a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p>The <b>Dutch Language Union</b> (<a href="Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>: <i lang="nl">Nederlandse Taalunie</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="nl-Latn-fonipa">[ˈneːdərlɑntsə<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈtaːlˌyni]</span> <span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{&quot;_&quot;:&quot;mw.Phonos.PhonosButton&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/7\/7f\/Nl-Nederlandse_Taalunie.ogg\/Nl-Nederlandse_Taalunie.ogg.mp3&quot;,&quot;rel&quot;:[&quot;nofollow&quot;],&quot;framed&quot;:false,&quot;icon&quot;:&quot;volumeUp&quot;,&quot;data&quot;:{&quot;ipa&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;lang&quot;:&quot;en&quot;,&quot;wikibase&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;file&quot;:&quot;Nl-Nederlandse Taalunie.ogg&quot;},&quot;classes&quot;:[&quot;noexcerpt&quot;,&quot;ext-phonos-PhonosButton&quot;,&quot;ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel&quot;]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/7/7f/Nl-Nederlandse_Taalunie.ogg/Nl-Nederlandse_Taalunie.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable">ⓘ</sup></span>, NTU) is an international regulatory institution that governs issues regarding the <a href="Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch language</a>. It is best known for its spelling reforms which are promulgated by member states, grammar books, the <a href="Word_list_of_the_Dutch_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Word list of the Dutch language">Green Booklet</a> and its support of Dutch language courses and studies worldwide. It was founded on a treaty concluded between the <a href="Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a> and <a href="Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> (in respect of the <a href="Flemish_Community" title="Flemish Community">Flemish Community</a>) on 9 September 1980. <a href="Suriname" title="Suriname">Suriname</a> has been an associate member of the <i>Taalunie</i> since 2004.
</p>
<meta property="mw:PageProp/toc">
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

<p>The Dutch Language Union was established by a treaty between Belgium and the Netherlands, signed on 9 September 1980 in Brussels. It succeeded the "Cultural Agreement" (governing more than just language) between the two countries signed just after the Second World War. This agreement was redone in 1995, after the <a href="State_reform_in_Belgium" title="State reform in Belgium">federalization of Belgium</a>, and a new treaty was signed between the Netherlands and <a href="Flanders" title="Flanders">Flanders</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Willemijns176_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Willemijns176-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 12 December 2003, president of the Committee of Ministers of the Dutch Language Union <a href="Medy_van_der_Laan" title="Medy van der Laan">Medy van der Laan</a> and Minister of Education of Suriname Walter Sandriman signed the agreement to the accession of Suriname to the union. The accession was ratified by the <a href="National_Assembly_(Suriname)" title="National Assembly (Suriname)">National Assembly of Suriname</a> in 2004 and came into force in 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-Suriname_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Suriname-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>
Standard Dutch (<i>Algemeen Nederlands</i>, often abbreviated to <i>AN</i>) is the <a href="Standard_language" title="Standard language">standard language</a> as it is taught in schools and used by authorities in the Netherlands, <a href="Flanders" title="Flanders">Flanders</a>, Suriname, and the <a href="Netherlands_Antilles" title="Netherlands Antilles">Dutch Caribbean</a>. The Dutch Language Union defines what is <i>AN</i> and what is not. Since efforts to "uplift" people had come to be considered rather presumptuous, the earlier name <i>Algemeen Beschaafd Nederlands</i> ("Common Civilised Dutch") and its abbreviation, <i>ABN</i>, were replaced with <i>Algemeen Nederlands</i> (<i>AN</i>). The implication that non-standard varieties are not civilised was thus removed.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Word_list">Word list</h2></div>

<p>An important change that was carried out by the Dutch Language Union was the <a href="History_of_Dutch_orthography#The_spelling_reform_of_1996_.28The_Netherlands_and_Flanders.29" title="History of Dutch orthography">modification</a> of <a href="Dutch_orthography" title="Dutch orthography">Dutch orthography</a> in 1995, regarding in particular the writing of the <a href="Interfix" title="Interfix">interfix</a> <i>-n</i> in many <a href="Compound_(linguistics)" title="Compound (linguistics)">compounds</a>. Among the Union's publications is the well-known <a href="Word_list_of_the_Dutch_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Word list of the Dutch language">Word list of the Dutch language</a> (<i>Woordenlijst Nederlandse taal</i>), commonly known as the “<i>Groene boekje</i>” ("<i>Green booklet</i>", because of its distinctive green colour). The green booklet is the official orthographic and grammatical reference of the Dutch language. It is laid out like a vocabulary, including plural forms and spelling but without actual word definitions.
</p><p>The most recent version of the Green Booklet appeared on 13 October 2015. Its content does not differ from the previous version of 2005, which included a somewhat controversial spelling reform that was not received well in general because a part of the spelling reforms of 1996 was changed again. In December 2005, most of the Dutch mainstream media announced a boycott. In August 2006, they released a 'White book' as their own, subtly different guideline. Currently these two spellings are both in use, sometimes confusing people; the 'green' one is used by schools and officials, the 'white' one by papers, magazines and television stations.
</p><p>In Belgium, on the other hand, the spelling reform was generally accepted without protest.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dictionary">Dictionary</h2></div>
<p>The <a href="Van_Dale" title="Van Dale">Van Dale</a> dictionary is commonly accepted as the most authoritative <a href="List_of_Dutch_dictionaries" title="List of Dutch dictionaries">Dutch dictionary</a>. Commonly named the <a href="Van_Dale" title="Van Dale">Dikke Van Dale</a> ("Thick" Van Dale due to its size) the dictionary is split into three volumes (A–I, J–R, S–Z) and is usually updated every 7–8 years. The 15th edition was published on 23 September 2015.
</p><p>The <i><a href="Woordenboek_der_Nederlandsche_Taal" title="Woordenboek der Nederlandsche Taal">Woordenboek der Nederlandsche Taal</a></i> (<i><b>WNT</b></i>) is a historic dictionary that includes all words used from 1500 to the present day.
Work began in 1864 and was finished in 1998 when the last volume was published. It has 46 volumes, occupying about 3 metres of shelf space, with about 400,000 words on 49,255 pages. In 2001, three additional volumes were published containing mostly words from the 20th century that were not included in the previous 43 volumes. This dictionary is published by Instituut voor Nederlandse Lexicologie and can be found online.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dutch_as_a_foreign_language">Dutch as a foreign language</h2></div>
<p>The Dutch Language Union supports the teaching of Dutch in primary and secondary schools in the neighbouring regions and countries. It concerns <a href="Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> (<a href="Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a> and <a href="Wallonia" title="Wallonia">Wallonia</a>; 350,000 learners), <a href="Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> (<a href="Lower_Saxony" title="Lower Saxony">Lower Saxony</a> and <a href="North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="North Rhine-Westphalia">North Rhine-Westphalia</a>, 40,000 learners) and <a href="France" title="France">France</a> (<a href="Nord-Pas-de-Calais" title="Nord-Pas-de-Calais">Nord-Pas-de-Calais</a>, 8,000 learners).
</p><p>The Union also supports the study of <a href="Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch language</a> and <a href="Culture_of_the_Netherlands" title="Culture of the Netherlands">culture</a> at universities and schools worldwide. Approximately 14,000 people study the Dutch language and Dutch literature at 140 institutions.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organisation">Organisation</h2></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Internal_organisation">Internal organisation</h3></div>
<p>The NTU has offices in The Hague and Brussels, and it comprises four institutions:
</p>
<ul><li>The Secretariat-General, responsible for preparing and implementing policy, headed by Kris Van de Poel since March 2020</li>
<li>The Committee of Ministers, containing the ministers of education and culture from the Netherlands and <a href="Flanders" title="Flanders">Flanders</a>;</li>
<li>The Interparliamentary Commission, made up of members of the Dutch and Flemish parliaments;</li>
<li>The Council for Dutch Language and Literature.<sup id="cite_ref-Willemijns176_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Willemijns176-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Instituut_voor_de_Nederlandse_Taal"><i>Instituut voor de Nederlandse Taal</i></h4></div>
<p>The binational (Belgium and the Netherlands) <i>Instituut voor de Nederlandse Taal</i> ("Institute for the Dutch Language") in Leiden, formerly <i>Instituut voor Nederlandse Lexicologie</i>, works under the auspices of the Dutch Language Union, and is responsible for the <i><a href="Woordenboek_der_Nederlandsche_Taal" title="Woordenboek der Nederlandsche Taal">Woordenboek der Nederlandsche Taal</a></i> (Dictionary of the Dutch language).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, the institute publishes a number of dictionaries, including the <i>Old Dutch Dictionary</i>, the <i>Early Middle Dutch Dictionary</i>, and an etymological dictionary; and databases, including databases indexing various newspapers and magazines, and legal documents. The <i>Spoken Dutch Corpus</i> has contemporary Dutch as spoken in the Netherlands and Flanders, including audio recordings of Standard Dutch.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Royal_Academy_of_Dutch_Language_and_Literature">Royal Academy of Dutch Language and Literature</h4></div>
<p>The <a href="Royal_Academy_of_Dutch_Language_and_Literature" title="Royal Academy of Dutch Language and Literature">Royal Academy of Dutch Language and Literature</a> was founded in Belgium in 1886 to stimulate the culture and literature of Flanders. It is the official advisory board to the Flanders government, and publishes the <i>Materiaal Willems</i> database, based on the dialect surveys done by Pieter Willems, containing material from dialects in Flanders, the Netherlands, and <a href="French_Flanders" title="French Flanders">French Flanders</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="External_connections">External connections</h3></div>
<p>The organisation is also responsible for the external linguistic policy of the Netherlands and Flanders and is active in <a href="Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> and <a href="South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>, two countries with historic links with the Dutch language. Nevertheless, cooperation with South Africa is not limited to the <a href="Afrikaans" title="Afrikaans">Afrikaans</a> language but aimed also at fostering multilingualism.
</p><p>The purposes of the organisation are limited to Dutch language and Dutch-language literature, and are hence not as wide as those of the <a href="Community_of_Portuguese_Language_Countries" title="Community of Portuguese Language Countries">Community of Portuguese Language Countries</a>, <a href="Organisation_internationale_de_la_Francophonie" title="Organisation internationale de la Francophonie">La Francophonie</a> or the <a href="Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a>.
</p><p>The Treaty on the Dutch Language Union foresees the possibility that the Kingdom of the Netherlands extends application to NTU members’ parts outside Europe. The organs of the NTU are its Committee of Ministers (composed of the ministers of education and culture of the Dutch and Flemish Governments), its Secretariat-General, an Interparliamentary Committee (composed of members of the <a href="States_General_of_the_Netherlands" title="States General of the Netherlands">States General of the Netherlands</a> and the <a href="Flemish_Parliament" title="Flemish Parliament">Flemish Parliament</a>) and a Dutch Language and Literature Council (composed of twelve independent experts). There are specific arrangements for the participation of Suriname in the organisation's inner workings.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Member_states">Member states</h3></div>
<p>The basis of the Taalunie is a treaty between the <a href="Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">Kingdom of the Netherlands</a> and the <a href="Belgium" title="Belgium">Kingdom of Belgium</a>, the two sovereign states that constitute the Union. For the Kingdom of the Netherlands, the treaty is only applicable to its <a href="Netherlands" title="Netherlands">European territory</a>.
The treaty allows for two types of extensions:
</p>
<ul><li>membership of other sovereign states through an "association membership"<sup id="cite_ref-verdrag_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-verdrag-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>
<li>extension to other territories of the Kingdom of the Netherlands (presently: <a href="Aruba" title="Aruba">Aruba</a>, <a href="Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Curaçao">Curaçao</a>, <a href="Sint_Maarten" title="Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a>, and the <a href="Caribbean_Netherlands" title="Caribbean Netherlands">Caribbean Netherlands</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-verdrag_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-verdrag-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul>
<p>In 2004, Suriname signed an "associative treaty" with the Taalunie.<sup id="cite_ref-Suriname_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Suriname-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 27 November 2013 the treaty also applies to the <a href="Caribbean_Netherlands" title="Caribbean Netherlands">Caribbean Netherlands</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
The three autonomous Caribbean countries of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, <a href="Aruba" title="Aruba">Aruba</a>, <a href="Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Curaçao">Curaçao</a>, and <a href="Sint_Maarten" title="Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a>, are designated as candidate member states.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, <a href="Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a> and <a href="South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a> are considered "special partners" of the Dutch Language Union.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Prizes">Prizes</h2></div>
<p>The Dutch Language Union has administered the <a href="Prijs_der_Nederlandse_Letteren" title="Prijs der Nederlandse Letteren">Prijs der Nederlandse Letteren</a> (<i>Dutch Literature Prize</i>) since 1986. The prize is awarded every three years to an author from the Netherlands, Belgium or Suriname. It is considered one of the most prestigious prizes in Dutch language literature.
</p><p>Another literary award administered by the Dutch Language Union is the <a href="Toneelschrijfprijs" title="Toneelschrijfprijs">Toneelschrijfprijs</a> for <a href="Playwright" title="Playwright">playwrights</a>.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div>
<ul><li><a href="Dutch_orthography" title="Dutch orthography">Dutch orthography</a></li>
<li><a href="List_of_language_regulators" title="List of language regulators">List of language regulators</a></li>
<li><a href="OpenTaal" title="OpenTaal">OpenTaal</a></li>
<li><a href="Verwantschapslanden" title="Verwantschapslanden">Verwantschapslanden</a></li>
<li><a href="Genootschap_Onze_Taal" title="Genootschap Onze Taal">Genootschap Onze Taal</a></li>
<li><a href="Digital_Library_for_Dutch_Literature" title="Digital Library for Dutch Literature">Digital Library for Dutch Literature</a></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3></div>
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<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-Willemijns176-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Willemijns176_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Willemijns176_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Willemyns 176.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Suriname-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Suriname_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Suriname_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">
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</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141222233246/http://taalunie.org/organisatie/samenwerking-tussen-nederlandse-taalunie-en-suriname">"Suriname, lid van de Taalunie"</a>. <i>Nederlandse Taalunie</i> (in Dutch). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://taalunie.org/organisatie/samenwerking-tussen-nederlandse-taalunie-en-suriname">the original</a> on 22 December 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://taalunieversum.org/sectie/nederlands-internationaal">"Nederlands internationaal"</a>. <i>Taalunieversum</i> (in Dutch)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Willemyns 125.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Willemyns 177–78.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Willemyns 178-79.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-verdrag-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-verdrag_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-verdrag_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBV0002947/geldigheidsdatum_16-04-2011">"Verdrag tussen het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden en het Koninkrijk Belgie inzake de Nederlandse Taalunie, Brussel"</a>. <i>Netherlands government portal</i> (in Dutch). 9 September 1980.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://zoek.officielebekendmakingen.nl/trb-2013-253.html">"Tractatenblad 2013, 253"</a> (in Dutch). Kingdom of the Netherlands. 19 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 December</span> 2014</span>.</cite></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://taalunieversum.org/taalunie/wie_zijn_wij/">"Wie we zijn: Drie landen, één taal"</a> (in Dutch). Nederlandse Taalunie<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite></span>
</li>
</ol></div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3></div>
<ul><li><cite id="CITEREFWillemyns2013" class="citation cs2">Willemyns, Roland (2013), <i>Dutch: Biography of a language</i>, Oxford UP, <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&nbsp;<bdi>9780199858712</bdi></cite></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>
<ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://taalunie.org/">Official website</a></span></span>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.inl.nl/">Institute for Dutch Lexicology</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.meertens.knaw.nl/">P. J. Meertens Institute</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kantl.be/">Royal Academy of Dutch Language and Literature</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBV0002947/geldigheidsdatum_16-04-2011">Treaty text</a></li></ul>
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</style><div id="Countries_and_languages_lists108" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Lists_of_sovereign_states_and_dependent_territories" title="Lists of sovereign states and dependent territories">Countries</a> and <a href="Lists_of_languages" title="Lists of languages">languages</a> lists</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Countries108" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Countries</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By official languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Lists_of_countries_and_territories_by_official_language" title="Lists of countries and territories by official language">Countries and territories by official language</a></li>
<li><a href="List_of_countries_and_territories_where_Arabic_is_an_official_language" title="List of countries and territories where Arabic is an official language">Arabic</a></li>
<li><a href="List_of_countries_and_territories_where_Chinese_is_an_official_language" title="List of countries and territories where Chinese is an official language">Chinese</a></li>
<li><a href="List_of_countries_and_territories_where_Afrikaans_or_Dutch_are_official_languages" title="List of countries and territories where Afrikaans or Dutch are official languages">Dutch/Afrikaans</a></li>
<li><a href="List_of_countries_and_territories_where_English_is_an_official_language" title="List of countries and territories where English is an official language">English</a></li>
<li><a href="List_of_countries_and_territories_where_French_is_an_official_language" title="List of countries and territories where French is an official language">French</a></li>
<li><a href="List_of_countries_and_territories_where_German_is_an_official_language" title="List of countries and territories where German is an official language">German</a></li>
<li><a href="List_of_countries_and_territories_where_Hindustani_is_an_official_language" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries and territories where Hindustani is an official language">Hindustani</a></li>
<li><a href="List_of_countries_and_territories_where_Italian_is_an_official_language" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries and territories where Italian is an official language">Italian</a></li>
<li><a href="List_of_countries_and_territories_where_Malay_is_an_official_language" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries and territories where Malay is an official language">Malay</a></li>
<li><a href="List_of_countries_and_territories_where_Persian_is_an_official_language" title="List of countries and territories where Persian is an official language">Persian</a></li>
<li><a href="List_of_countries_and_territories_where_Portuguese_is_an_official_language" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries and territories where Portuguese is an official language">Portuguese</a></li>
<li><a href="List_of_countries_and_territories_where_Romanian_is_an_official_language" title="List of countries and territories where Romanian is an official language">Romanian</a></li>
<li><a href="List_of_countries_and_territories_where_Russian_is_an_official_language" title="List of countries and territories where Russian is an official language">Russian</a></li>
<li><a href="List_of_countries_and_territories_where_Spanish_is_an_official_language" title="List of countries and territories where Spanish is an official language">Spanish</a></li>
<li><a href="List_of_countries_and_territories_where_Tamil_is_an_official_language" title="List of countries and territories where Tamil is an official language">Tamil</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Endonym_and_exonym" title="Endonym and exonym">Endonyms and exonyms</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="List_of_countries_and_dependencies_and_their_capitals_in_native_languages" title="List of countries and dependencies and their capitals in native languages">Countries and capitals in native languages</a></li>
<li><a href="List_of_country_names_in_various_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="List of country names in various languages">Country names in various languages</a>
<ul><li><a href="List_of_country_names_in_various_languages_(A%E2%80%93C)" title="List of country names in various languages (A–C)">A–C</a></li>
<li><a href="List_of_country_names_in_various_languages_(D%E2%80%93I)" title="List of country names in various languages (D–I)">D–I</a></li>
<li><a href="List_of_country_names_in_various_languages_(J%E2%80%93P)" title="List of country names in various languages (J–P)">J–P</a></li>
<li><a href="List_of_country_names_in_various_languages_(Q%E2%80%93Z)" title="List of country names in various languages (Q–Z)">Q–Z</a></li>
<li><a href="Names_of_Cambodia" title="Names of Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li>
<li><a href="Names_of_China" title="Names of China">China</a></li>
<li><a href="Names_of_Germany" title="Names of Germany">Germany</a></li>
<li><a href="Names_of_Iceland" title="Names of Iceland">Iceland</a></li>
<li><a href="Names_for_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Names for India">India</a></li>
<li><a href="Names_of_Indonesia" title="Names of Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li>
<li><a href="Names_of_Japan" title="Names of Japan">Japan</a></li>
<li><a href="Names_of_Korea" title="Names of Korea">Korea</a></li>
<li><a href="Names_of_Kosovo" title="Names of Kosovo">Kosovo</a></li>
<li><a href="Names_of_Myanmar" title="Names of Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li>
<li><a href="Names_of_Singapore" title="Names of Singapore">Singapore</a></li>
<li><a href="Names_of_Sri_Lanka" title="Names of Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li>
<li><a href="Names_of_Vietnam" title="Names of Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Languages_of_the_European_Union" title="Languages of the European Union">Languages of the European Union</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Languages108" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Languages</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By continent<br>and subregion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Languages_of_Africa" title="Languages of Africa">Africa</a></li>
<li><a href="Indigenous_languages_of_the_Americas" title="Indigenous languages of the Americas">Americas</a>
<ul><li><a href="Languages_of_North_America" title="Languages of North America">North America</a>
<ul><li><a href="Languages_of_the_Caribbean" title="Languages of the Caribbean">Caribbean</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Languages_of_South_America" title="Languages of South America">South America</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Languages_of_Asia" title="Languages of Asia">Asia</a>
<ul><li><a href="Languages_of_East_Asia" title="Languages of East Asia">East Asia</a></li>
<li><a href="Languages_of_South_Asia" title="Languages of South Asia">South Asia</a></li>
<li><a href="Classification_of_Southeast_Asian_languages" title="Classification of Southeast Asian languages">Southeast Asia</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Languages_of_Europe" title="Languages of Europe">Europe</a></li>
<li><a href="Languages_of_Oceania" title="Languages of Oceania">Oceania</a>
<ul><li><a href="Melanesian_languages" title="Melanesian languages">Melanesia</a></li>
<li><a href="Micronesian_languages" title="Micronesian languages">Micronesia</a></li>
<li><a href="Polynesian_languages" title="Polynesian languages">Polynesia</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="List_of_official_languages" title="List of official languages">Official languages</a>
<ul><li><a href="List_of_official_languages_by_country_and_territory" title="List of official languages by country and territory">by country and territory</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="List_of_countries_by_number_of_languages" title="List of countries by number of languages">Countries by number of languages</a>
<ul><li><a href="Lists_of_countries_and_territories_by_official_language" title="Lists of countries and territories by official language">Countries and territories by official language</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By population</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="List_of_languages_by_number_of_native_speakers" title="List of languages by number of native speakers">By number of native speakers</a>
<ul><li><a href="List_of_languages_by_number_of_speakers_in_Europe" title="List of languages by number of speakers in Europe">Europe</a></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="List_of_languages_by_total_number_of_speakers" title="List of languages by total number of speakers">By number of total speakers</a></li>
<li><a href="Languages_in_censuses" title="Languages in censuses">Languages in censuses</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By <a href="Language_family" title="Language family">language family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="List_of_language_families" title="List of language families">Language families</a>
<ul><li><a href="List_of_Indo-European_languages" title="List of Indo-European languages">List of Indo-European languages</a></li>
<li><a href="List_of_Mongolic_languages" title="List of Mongolic languages">List of Mongolic languages</a></li>
<li><a href="List_of_Turkic_languages" title="List of Turkic languages">List of Turkic languages</a></li>
<li><a href="List_of_Uralic_languages" title="List of Uralic languages">List of Uralic languages</a></li></ul></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Language-based<br><a href="Geopolitics" title="Geopolitics">geopolitical</a><br>organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Arab_League" title="Arab League">Arab League</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Arabic)</span></li>
<li> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Dutch)</span></li>
<li><a href="Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth of Nations</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(English)</span></li>
<li><a href="Latin_Union" title="Latin Union">Latin Union</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Romance languages)</span></li>
<li><a href="Three_Linguistic_Spaces" title="Three Linguistic Spaces">Three Linguistic Spaces</a></li>
<li><a href="Organisation_internationale_de_la_Francophonie" title="Organisation internationale de la Francophonie">Francophonie</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(French)</span></li>
<li><a href="Community_of_Portuguese_Language_Countries" title="Community of Portuguese Language Countries">Community of Portuguese Language Countries</a>
<ul><li><i><a href="Portuguese-speaking_African_countries" title="Portuguese-speaking African countries">Países Africanos de Língua Oficial Portuguesa</a></i> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Portuguese)</span></li></ul></li>
<li><a href="Hispanidad" title="Hispanidad">Hispanidad</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Spanish)</span></li>
<li><a href="Organization_of_Turkic_States" title="Organization of Turkic States">Organization of Turkic States</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Turkic languages)</span></li>
<li><a href="International_Organization_of_Turkic_Culture" title="International Organization of Turkic Culture">International Organization of Turkic Culture</a> <span style="font-size: 85%;">(Turkic languages)</span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li>Lists of languages</li>
<li>Category:Languages</li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Dutch_colonial_empire25" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Dutch_colonial_empire25" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Dutch_colonial_empire" title="Dutch colonial empire">Dutch colonial empire</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Colonies_and_trading_posts_of_the_Dutch_East_India_Company_(1602–1798)25" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Colonies and trading posts of the <a href="Dutch_East_India_Company" title="Dutch East India Company">Dutch East India Company</a> (1602–1798)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governorate General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Batavia%2C_Dutch_East_Indies" title="Batavia, Dutch East Indies">Batavia</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Governorates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Governorate_of_Ambon" title="Governorate of Ambon">Ambon</a></li>
<li><a href="Governorate_of_the_Banda_Islands" title="Governorate of the Banda Islands">Banda Islands</a></li>
<li><a href="Dutch_Cape_Colony" title="Dutch Cape Colony">Cape Colony</a></li>
<li><a href="Dutch_Celebes" title="Dutch Celebes">Celebes</a></li>
<li><a href="Dutch_Ceylon" title="Dutch Ceylon">Ceylon</a></li>
<li><a href="Dutch_Coromandel" title="Dutch Coromandel">Coromandel</a></li>
<li><a href="Dutch_Formosa" title="Dutch Formosa">Formosa</a></li>
<li><a href="Dutch_Malacca" title="Dutch Malacca">Malacca</a></li>
<li><a href="Maluku_Islands#Dutch" title="Maluku Islands">Moluccas</a></li>
<li><a href="Semarang#History" title="Semarang">Northeast coast of Java</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Directorates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Dutch_Bengal" title="Dutch Bengal">Bengal</a></li>
<li><a href="Bandar_Abbas" title="Bandar Abbas">Persia</a></li>
<li><a href="Dutch_Suratte" title="Dutch Suratte">Suratte</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Commandments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Banten_(town)" title="Banten (town)">Bantam</a></li>
<li><a href="Dutch_Malabar" title="Dutch Malabar">Malabar</a></li>
<li><a href="Padang" title="Padang">West coast of Sumatra</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Residency_(administrative_division)" title="Residency (administrative division)">Residencies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Banten_(town)" title="Banten (town)">Bantam</a></li>
<li><a href="Banjarmasin" title="Banjarmasin">Banjarmasin</a></li>
<li><a href="Batavia%2C_Dutch_East_Indies" title="Batavia, Dutch East Indies">Batavia</a></li>
<li><a href="Cirebon" title="Cirebon">Cheribon</a></li>
<li><a href="Greater_Malang" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Malang">Malang</a></li>
<li><a href="Palembang" title="Palembang">Palembang</a></li>
<li><a href="Parahyangan" title="Parahyangan">Preanger</a></li>
<li><a href="Pontianak%2C_Indonesia" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontianak, Indonesia">Pontianak</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Opperhoofd" title="Opperhoofd">Opperhoofd</a> settlements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li>
<li><a href="Guangzhou" title="Guangzhou">Canton</a></li>
<li><a href="Dejima" title="Dejima">Dejima</a></li>
<li><a href="Dutch_Mauritius" title="Dutch Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li>
<li><a href="Ayutthaya_Kingdom#Contacts_with_the_West" title="Ayutthaya Kingdom">Siam</a></li>
<li><a href="West_Timor" title="West Timor">Timor</a></li>
<li><a href="Tonkin" title="Tonkin">Tonkin</a></li>
<li><a href="Tr%E1%BB%8Bnh%E2%80%93Nguy%E1%BB%85n_War" title="Trịnh–Nguyễn War">Vietnam (1637–1643)</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Colonies_and_trading_posts_of_the_Dutch_West_India_Company_(1621–1792)25" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Colonies and trading posts of the <a href="Dutch_West_India_Company" title="Dutch West India Company">Dutch West India Company</a> (1621–1792)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Colonies in the Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Berbice" title="Berbice">Berbice</a> <sup><small>1</small></sup></li>
<li><a href="Dutch_Brazil" title="Dutch Brazil">Brazil</a></li>
<li><a href="Cayenne_(Dutch_colony)" title="Cayenne (Dutch colony)">Cayenne</a></li>
<li><a href="Cura%C3%A7ao_and_Dependencies" class="mw-redirect" title="Curaçao and Dependencies">Curaçao and Dependencies</a></li>
<li><a href="Demerara" title="Demerara">Demerara</a></li>
<li><a href="Essequibo_(colony)" title="Essequibo (colony)">Essequibo</a></li>
<li><a href="New_Netherland" title="New Netherland">New Netherland</a></li>
<li><a href="Pomeroon_(colony)" title="Pomeroon (colony)">Pomeroon</a></li>
<li><a href="SSS_islands" title="SSS islands">Sint Eustatius and Dependencies</a></li>
<li><a href="Surinam_(Dutch_colony)" title="Surinam (Dutch colony)">Surinam</a> <sup><small>2</small></sup></li>
<li><a href="Tobago" title="Tobago">Tobago</a></li>
<li><a href="Dutch_Virgin_Islands" title="Dutch Virgin Islands">Virgin Islands</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trading posts in Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Arguin" title="Arguin">Arguin</a></li>
<li><a href="Dutch_Gold_Coast" title="Dutch Gold Coast">Gold Coast</a></li>
<li><a href="Dutch_Loango-Angola" title="Dutch Loango-Angola">Loango-Angola</a></li>
<li><a href="Senegambia_(Dutch_West_India_Company)" title="Senegambia (Dutch West India Company)">Senegambia</a></li>
<li><a href="Dutch_Slave_Coast" title="Dutch Slave Coast">Slave Coast</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>
<ul><li><sup><small>1</small></sup> Governed by the <a href="Society_of_Berbice" title="Society of Berbice">Society of Berbice</a></li>
<li><sup><small>2</small></sup> Governed by the <a href="Society_of_Suriname" title="Society of Suriname">Society of Suriname</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Settlements_of_the_Noordsche_Compagnie_(1614–1642)25" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Settlements of the <a href="Noordsche_Compagnie" title="Noordsche Compagnie">Noordsche Compagnie</a> (1614–1642)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Settlements11" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Settlements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Jan_Mayen" title="Jan Mayen">Jan Mayen</a></li>
<li><a href="Smeerenburg" title="Smeerenburg">Smeerenburg</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Colonies_of_the_Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands_(1815–1962)25" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Colonies of the Kingdom of the Netherlands (1815–1962)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Until 1825</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Dutch_Bengal" title="Dutch Bengal">Bengal</a></li>
<li><a href="Dutch_Coromandel" title="Dutch Coromandel">Coromandel</a></li>
<li><a href="Dutch_Malacca" title="Dutch Malacca">Malacca</a></li>
<li><a href="Dutch_Suratte" title="Dutch Suratte">Suratte</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Until 1853</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Dejima" title="Dejima">Dejima</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Until 1872</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Dutch_Gold_Coast" title="Dutch Gold Coast">Gold Coast</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Until 1949</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Dutch_East_Indies" title="Dutch East Indies">Dutch East Indies</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Until 1954</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Cura%C3%A7ao_and_Dependencies" class="mw-redirect" title="Curaçao and Dependencies">Curaçao and Dependencies</a> <sup><small>3</small></sup></li>
<li><a href="Surinam_(Dutch_colony)" title="Surinam (Dutch colony)">Surinam</a> <sup><small>3</small></sup></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Until 1962</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Dutch_New_Guinea" title="Dutch New Guinea">New Guinea</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>
<ul><li><sup><small>3</small></sup> <span class="wrap">Became <a href="Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands#Constituent_countries" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">constituent countries</a> of the Kingdom of the Netherlands; <a href="Suriname_(Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands)" title="Suriname (Kingdom of the Netherlands)">Suriname</a> gained <a href="Suriname" title="Suriname">full independence</a> in 1975, Curaçao and Dependencies was renamed to the <a href="Netherlands_Antilles" title="Netherlands Antilles">Netherlands Antilles</a>, which was eventually dissolved in 2010.</span></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands_(1954–present)25" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">Kingdom of the Netherlands</a> (1954–present)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Constituent countries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Aruba" title="Aruba">Aruba</a></li>
<li><a href="Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Curaçao">Curaçao</a></li>
<li><a href="Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li>
<li><a href="Sint_Maarten" title="Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Caribbean_Netherlands" title="Caribbean Netherlands">Special municipalities</a> of the <a href="Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Bonaire" title="Bonaire">Bonaire</a></li>
<li><a href="Saba_(island)" title="Saba (island)">Saba</a></li>
<li><a href="Sint_Eustatius" title="Sint Eustatius">Sint Eustatius</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Dutch_Language_Union56" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Dutch_Language_Union56" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> (<a href="Flanders" title="Flanders">Flanders</a>)</li>
<li><a href="Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li>
<li><a href="Suriname" title="Suriname">Suriname</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Candidates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Aruba" title="Aruba">Aruba</a> (<a href="Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands#Constituent_countries" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">Kingdom of the Netherlands</a>)</li>
<li><a href="Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Curaçao">Curaçao</a> (<a href="Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands#Constituent_countries" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">Kingdom of the Netherlands</a>)</li>
<li><a href="Sint_Maarten" title="Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a> (<a href="Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands#Constituent_countries" title="Kingdom of the Netherlands">Kingdom of the Netherlands</a>)</li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Partners</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li>
<li><a href="South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">
<ul><li><a href="Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch language</a></li>
<li><a href="Dutch_orthography" title="Dutch orthography">Dutch orthography</a></li>
<li><a href="Dutch_dictionary" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch dictionary">Dutch dictionary</a></li>
<li><a href="Flemish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Flemish language">Flemish language</a></li>
<li><a href="Dutch_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch Empire">Dutch Empire</a></li>
<li><a href="Afrikaans" title="Afrikaans">Afrikaans</a></li></ul>
</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>
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